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, to measure QoL among young people and older adults living in the slum area of the capital city of Dhaka and some other rural areas of Bangladesh. A Bengali version of the WHOQOL-BREF, translated from English to Bengali was used by Izutsu et al. This statistic points to a major public health concern, particularly in rural areas. The rural QoL index of Bangladesh is very low at 69.46 compared to the highest QoL index 198.57 which is in Denmark.
īangladesh is a densely populated country with a population of 167 million people, with around 65% of living in rural areas. The WHOQOL-BREF is a multicultural QoL assessment scale available in 40 languages that covers four specific areas, physical, psychological, social relations and environmental health. The WHO Quality of life BREF (short form of the WHOQOL-100, which is 100 items) is a 26-item instrument that comprises items evaluated on a five-point Likert-type scale, is a culturally validated tool to measure QoL.
The WHOQOL-BREF has been one of the recognised instruments to measure QoL for general population. However, these tools have been applied specifically to people with different diseases, with a few exceptions of their use in healthy people.
Over the course of the last two decades, different tools have been developed to assess QoL. Regardless, most of the examinations of QoL have focused on the impact of chronic diseases which have been evaluated through the application of individual QoL estimation instruments. In addition, social burden and distress can significantly affect wellbeing and influence overall QoL. QoL is affected by many components incorporating physical prosperity, psychological and emotional states, social associations, individual’s feelings and connection, and their relationship to the key features of their environment. In recent times, there has been an increasing focus on estimations related to the quality of life (QoL) with significant outcomes in clinical settings made alongside assessments of the impact of the different interventions on QoL. In particular, validations are required for diseases-specific population in Bangladesh to measure the Health Related Quality of life (HR-QoL) assessments for people suffering from chronic or other diseases. The scale could be implemented more widely. The 19-item modified WHOQOL scale is confirmed as an efficient screening tool for measuring QoL among healthy rural Bangladeshi people. Each domain also showed similar functioning for adults and older adults, males and females, no education and at least primary level of education, low and high socio-economic conditions.
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All four domains of the 19-item WHOQOL scale showed unidimensionality and was free from local dependency. All items in each domain had ordered thresholds except one item of the environmental domain. The social domain (PSI = 0.650 and CA = 0.669) had below acceptable reliability.
Reliability of the three domains of the 19-item WHOQOL scale was very good as indicated by a person separation index (PSI) = 0.873 and Cronbach’s Alpha (CA) = 0.881 for physical domain, PSI = 0.739 and CA = 0.746 for psychological domain, and PSI = 0.753 and CA = 0.781 for environmental domain. Person fit residual (PFR) values also showed no person misfit among the samples, indicating item threshold are suitable for Rasch analysis. Item fit residual (IFR) values for all domains were within the desired limits, indicating no deviation from the expected relationship between the individual items and the rest of the items of the scale. Results showed good overall fit, as indicated by a significant item-trait interaction with Bonferroni corrected p values, for physical ( \( ^2 \) =22.01, p = 0.339) domains.
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and a Rasch analysis software RUMM2030 were used for analyses.
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Face-to-face interviews were conducted between July and August 2018 using an Android phone installed with a mobile data collection application CommCare. The cross-sectional investigation collected 300 adults aged 18–85 years from Narail, a rural district of Bangladesh using a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique. This investigation aims to validate the psychometric properties of the modified 19-item Bengali version World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) instrument in a typical healthy rural population in Bangladesh.
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